Django Basics | Get Started with Python’s Full-Stack Web Framework

· 22분 읽기 · 수정 Intermediate Tutorial
Django Basics | Get Started with Python’s Full-Stack Web Framework

이 글의 핵심

A hands-on guide to Django basics: models, views, templates, and the admin—building a simple blog-style flow.

Introduction

“Batteries-included” web framework

Django is a full-stack framework with authentication, ORM, admin, and much more built in.

1. Getting started with Django

Install and create a project

# Install Django
pip install django

# Create project
django-admin startproject myproject
cd myproject

# Create app
python manage.py startapp blog

# Run dev server
python manage.py runserver

Project layout

myproject/
├── myproject/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py  # configuration
│   ├── urls.py      # URL routing
│   └── wsgi.py
├── blog/
│   ├── models.py    # models (data)
│   ├── views.py     # views (logic)
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── templates/   # templates (UI)
└── manage.py

2. Models

Defining a model

# blog/models.py
from django.db import models

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    author = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
    
    class Meta:
        ordering = ['-created_at']

Migrations

# Create migration files
python manage.py makemigrations

# Apply to database
python manage.py migrate

3. Views

Function-based views

# blog/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from .models import Post

def post_list(request):
    posts = Post.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'blog/post_list.html', {'posts': posts})

def post_detail(request, pk):
    post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
    return render(request, 'blog/post_detail.html', {'post': post})

Class-based views

from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView
from .models import Post

class PostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = 'blog/post_list.html'
    context_object_name = 'posts'
    paginate_by = 10

class PostDetailView(DetailView):
    model = Post
    template_name = 'blog/post_detail.html'

4. URL routing

URL patterns

# blog/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'blog'

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.post_list, name='post_list'),
    path('post/<int:pk>/', views.post_detail, name='post_detail'),
]
# myproject/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('blog/', include('blog.urls')),
]

5. Templates

Writing templates

<!-- templates/blog/post_list.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Blog</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Blog posts</h1>
    
    {% for post in posts %}
        <article>
            <h2>
                <a href="{% url 'blog:post_detail' post.pk %}">
                    {{ post.title }}
                </a>
            </h2>
            <p>{{ post.content|truncatewords:30 }}</p>
            <small>{{ post.created_at|date:"Y-m-d H:i" }}</small>
        </article>
    {% empty %}
        <p>No posts yet.</p>
    {% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

6. Admin site

Registering models

# blog/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post

@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['title', 'author', 'created_at']
    list_filter = ['created_at', 'author']
    search_fields = ['title', 'content']
    date_hierarchy = 'created_at'

Create a superuser

python manage.py createsuperuser
# Username: admin
# Email: [email protected]
# Password: ****

# Open http://localhost:8000/admin/

7. Practical example

Simple blog

# blog/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib import messages
from .models import Post

def create_post(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        content = request.POST.get('content')
        author = request.POST.get('author')
        
        Post.objects.create(
            title=title,
            content=content,
            author=author
        )
        
        messages.success(request, 'Post created successfully!')
        return redirect('blog:post_list')
    
    return render(request, 'blog/create_post.html')

Summary

Key takeaways

  1. Django: full-stack web framework
  2. MVT: Model, View, Template
  3. ORM: manipulate the DB with Python
  4. Admin: auto-generated management UI
  5. Migrations: schema versioning for the database

Next steps